Pharmaceutical name: 英文藥名﹕ | Rhizoma Kaempferiae galangae |
Biological name: 學名﹕ | Kaempferia galanga Linn |
Pron. in Japanese: 日語發音﹕ | san na (山奈); banukon (蕃鬱金) |
Pron. in Korean: 韓語發音﹕ | saeng gan （沙薑） |
Pron. in Cantonese: 粵音﹕ | saa1 goeng1 (sha jiang 沙薑.), |
Other Names: 別名﹕ | shan nai 山奈.﹐san nai 三奈 ﹐san nai zi 三奈子﹐sha jiang 沙薑.，fan yu jin 蕃鬱金。 |
Common Name: 外文名﹕ | English:aromatic ginger, resurrection lily Indonesian: kencur Thai: proh horm, waan horm |
Distribution: 產地﹕ | Southeast Asia and southern parts of China. 分佈東南亞與華南各地。 |
Properties (characteristics)﹕ 性味﹕ | acrid, warm. 味辛，性溫。 |
Channels (meridians) entered: 歸經﹕ | stomach 胃經。 |
| Medical functions: 藥理﹕ | The active ingredient kaempferol: - antibiotic effect: inhibits Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Salmonella typhi, Lactobacillus sp
- antifungus: Candida Albicans [1]
- inhibits aldose reductase of eyes thus helps the treatment of the cataract of diabetic patients.
- arrest cough; for treatment of bronchitis
- antimutagenic properties:at concentration of 1×10-4mol/L, it inhibits the production of lymphatic cells.
- anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the production of nitric oxide [2]
山奈酚具有： - 抗細菌：對黃色葡萄球菌及綠膿杆菌，傷寒杆菌，痢疾杆菌均有抑制作用。
- 抗霉菌作用：對抗白色念珠球菌有效。[1]
- 止咳：治療支氣管炎。
- 抑酶：抑制眼醛糖還原酶，有利於糖尿病白內障的治療。
- 具有誘變劑活性，當濃度為1×10-4mol/L時，可抑制淋巴細胞增殖。
- 抑制一氧化氮之生成而抑制發炎。[2]
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Actions & Indications: 主治﹕ | chest and abdomen paint, dysentery, tooth cavity and ache. Also use as spice in cooking. Today it is being used in anti cancer, anti-pregnancy, anti epilepsy, anti inflammation, anti spasm, anti ulcer, promoting bile secretion, as diuretics, arresting cough. 心腹冷痛 ， 寒濕霍亂 ， 風蟲牙痛 。 亦作料理香料。 現用於抗癌，抑制生育，抗癲癇，抗炎，作抗氧化劑，解痙，抗潰瘍，利膽利尿劑，止咳。 |
Chemical ingredients: 化學成份﹕ | The rhizome is also reported to display cytotoxic properties. (Chem. Pharm. Bull., 33, 3565, 1985). In the rhizomes of a related species, K. rotunda, a number of "cyclohexane diepoxides" (diepoxides of cyclohexa-1,3-diene) were found (Phytochemistry, 43, 305, 1996)| 2.5 to 4% essential oil: | 揮 發 油 2.5 ~ 4%: | | ethyl cinnamate (25%) | 桂 皮 酸 乙 酯 | | ethyl-p-methoxycinnamate (30%) | 對 甲 氧 基 桂 皮 酸 乙 酯 | | p-methoxycinnamic acid | 對甲氧基肉桂酸 | | 3-carene-5-one | 烯 - 3 - 5 - 1 | | Borneol | 龍腦 | | Camphene | 莰 烯 | | Carene-3 | 烯 - 3 | | p-methoxystyrene | 對 甲 氧 基 蘇 合 香 烯 | | Kaempferol | 山 奈 酚 | | Kaempferide | 山 奈 素 | | | |
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Dosage: 用量﹕ | 10 to 20 g. Concentrated extract: 0.5 to 2 g. 10～20克；濃縮中藥：0.5～2克。 |
Samples of formulae: 處方舉例﹕ | For treatment of pain and cold abdomen: shan nei, ding xiang, dang gui, gan cao of equal portions; grind into powder and make into pills, size of soy beans. Take 39 pills each time with rice wine. (Pin Hu Ji Jian Fang) 治心腹冷痛：山柰，丁香，當 歸，甘草等分。為末，醋糊丸，梧子大(如黄豆大)。每服三十丸，酒下。（《瀕湖集簡方》 |
Modern Research: 現代研究﹕ | anti-fungal activity |
Cautions: 禁忌﹕ | Not to use in case of yin deficient with yu huo in stomach. 陰虛 胃有鬱火忌服。 |