Present Day Application:

现代應用：

For constipation or mild intestine obstruction, zao jiao ci 12 g, xi xin 12 g, make into powder and mix with honey 120 g. then make into suppository.  Insert into anus while warm.^[1]

治便秘和輕症 動力性腸梗阻，用皂角12克，细辛12克，研末，加蜂蜜120克 調匀，趁热制成栓劑，每次1條，塞入肛門^[1]。

Pharmaceutical name:

英文药名：

Fructus Gleditsiae Sinensis (zao jia)

Spina Gleditsiae Sinensis (zao jiao ci)

Biological name:

拉丁名：

Gleditsia sinensis Lam.; Gleditsia horrida Willd.; Gleditsia macracantha Desf.;
Gleditsia officindis Hemsl.; Gleditsia triacanthos L.
 

Other Names:

別名 ：

zao jia: bian zao jiao, ping zao jiao

zao jiao ci: zao ci, tian ding, tian ding pian, zao jiao zhen, zao zhen, zao ci, ao ci pian.

(皂荚別名: 扁皂角 ，皂 角 ，平 皂角 )

(皂 角剌 別名: 皂剌，天 丁，天丁片，皂角針，皂針，皂刺，皂刺片)

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音：

sokaku (zao jia)

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音：

chogak (zao jia)

Pron. in Cantonese:

粤語發音：

cho kap (zao jia)

Common Name:

英文名：

Chinese honey locust fruit, gleditsia

Distribution:

分佈 ：

(1) City of Beijing, City of Tianjin, Hebei, Shanxi, Liaoning, Jilin, Heilongjiang, City of Shanghai, Jiansu, Zhejiang, Anhui, Fujian, Jiangxi, Shandong, Taiwan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Shaanxi, Gansu, Qinghai, Henan

(一)。 北京市，天津市，河北 ，山西 ，遼寧 ，吉林 ，黑龍江，上海市，江蘇 ，浙江 ，安徽 ，福建 ，江西 ，山東 ， 台灣 ， 河南 ，湖北 ，湖南 ，廣東 ， 廣西 ，四川 ，貴州 ，雲南 ，陝西 ， 甘肅 ，青海 )。

(2) Liaoning, Jiangsu, Shandong, Xinjiang (Gleditsia triacanthos L.)

(二)。 遼寧 ，江蘇 ，山東 ，新疆  (Gleditsia triacanthos L.)。

Properties (characteristics)：

性味：

acrid, warm, slightly toxic.

味辛，性溫，有小毒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

歸經：

zao jiao: large intestine, lung

zao jiao ci: liver, stomach

皂角：大腸，肺。

皂角刺：肝，胃。

Actions & Indications:

主治 ：

zao jia uses: 1. Dispels phlegm or coughs with abundance of phlegm. 2. Opens the orifices after strokes or epilepsies or facial paralysis due to excessive of phlegm. 3. Discharges puss when used externally for boils.

外治﹕
癰腫﹐
初產婦積乳： 用纱布包粉，以75%酒精浸潤外層，塞鼻孔治初產婦積乳。

Medical Function:

 antibiotic, anti-inflammation, anti virus, regulates immune system, anti-allergy, anticoagulation, anti tumor.

抗菌，抗炎 ，抗病毒，免疫調節，抗過敏，抗凝血和抗腫瘤

Chemical ingredients:

to be loaded

Dosage:

用法用量:

Often used in powder form: 1 to 1.5 g daily. For decoction: 1.5 to 5 g.  Also for external use.

zao jiao ci: 0.5 to 2 g / daily

皂角: 多研末服，1～1.5g；亦可入湯劑，1.5～5g。外用適量。

皂角剌 :0.5～2.0克 。

Samples of formulae:

to be loaded

Modern Research:

Cautions:

注意:

Do not overdose. Large amount can induce vomiting and diarrhea. Do not use during pregnancy or in cases of qixu (qi deficiency) or yinxu (yin deficiency), or hemoptysis

内服劑量不宜過大，恐引起嘔吐，腹瀉。本 品辛散走竄之性极强，宜用于頑 痰實証體 壯者。孕婦，氣 虚， 陰虚及 咳嗽有血者忌用。

Imitated Products Identification Method:

(to be translated)

偽品鑒別﹕

How to identify fake substitutes： zao jiao ci are from the thorns of the plants Gleditsia sinensis Lam. A complete intact piece of herb has a cone shape with a main thorn and 1 or 2 side thorns. The main thorn is about 3 to 15 cm long or slightly longer and has a diameter of 0.3 to 1.2 cm. The side thorns are 1 to 6 cm long, spiraling around the branches and forming a 60 to 80° angle with the main thorn; they gradually get thinner as they go up. The surfaces are brown or dark brown in color. The tips are sharp and are mostly dark red in color with vertical lines; they are light in weight and hard (not easily broken). Broken or cut surfaces reveal a yellowish white color under the surface. The middle part of the herb is not dense and has a light reddish brown color; it is without smell and bland in taste.

偽品鑒別﹕皂角刺係豆科植物皂角(Gleditsia sinensis Lam)的干燥棘刺。完整棘刺呈圆錐形，有主刺及1～2分枝刺。主刺長3～15cm，或更長，直徑0.3～1.2cm， 分枝刺長1～6cm，螺旋形排列與主刺成60～80°夾角，由下向上逐漸細小，刺尖銳利。表面紫棕色或棕褐色。尖部多顯深紅色，有細縱紋。體輕質 堅硬，不易折斷，斷面或切斷面木部黃白色，髓部疏鬆，淡紅棕色。無臭，味淡。
 

In the past, the main substitute for zao jiao ci were: branches with thorn of  Ziziphus jujuba Mill, Sophora japonica L., Rosa multiflora Thunb., Vitex negundo,  L.var heterophylla (Franch) Rehd., Paliurus ramosissimus Poir., Rubus coreanus. The most commonly mixed in are the branches of Gleditsia melanacantha. The most recent fake product is Gleditsia heterophylla Bunge. Also the quality of the herb is also a serious issue, like mixing in large amount of dry branches without thorns and the herb are not up the processing standard. [2]

皂角刺過去的主要混偽品有鼠李科植物酸棗（Ziziphus jujuba Mill），喜科植物槐樹（Sophora japonica L.)，蔷薇科植物多花蔷薇（Rosa multiflora Thunb.），馬鞭草科植物刻葉黄荆（Vitex negundo L.var heterophylla (Franch) Rehd.)，鼠李科植物馬甲子（Paliurus ramosissimus Poir.)，和插田泡(Rubus coreanus)等一些带刺的枝條，但混入最多的是同科属的山皂角刺(Gleditsia melanacantha)，近年新出偽品 為野皂角刺(Gleditsia.heterophylla Bunge.)， 并且質量問題嚴重，如混入較多的枯枝茎，無刺枝茎，另外飲片切制規格不符的也不少。

[2] (錄自﹕第四軍醫大學藥物研究所﹔中藥 正品 與 偽品 的鑒別方法