Complementary & Alternative Healing University 中藥詞典
 

cao wu tou 草烏頭 (in English and Chinese 中英文)

Translated and edited by: Joe Hing kwok Chu

Pharmaceutical name:

英文藥名﹕

Radix Aconiti

Botanical name:

拉丁生物學名﹕

Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb.

Pron. in Japanese:

日語發音﹕

odu (烏頭)

Pron. in Korean:

韓語發音﹕

cho o (草烏)

Pron. in Cantonese::

粵音﹕

 

Other Names:

別名﹕

jin 堇、ji 芨、wu tou 烏頭、wu hui 烏喙、xi du 奚毒、ji zi 即子、ji du 雞毒、du gong 毒公、geng zi 耿子、tu fu zi 土附子、cao wu 草烏、zhu jie wu tou 竹節烏頭、jin ya 金鴉、wu du gen 五毒根、hao zi tou 耗子頭

Common Name:

英文普通名﹕

Kusnezoff Monkshood Root, Common Monkshood

Distribution:

產地﹕

Distributed in northeastern, northern part of China, southern Liaoning, Shaanxi, Gansu, Shandong, Jiangsu, Anhui, Zhejiang, Jiangxi, Henan, Hubei, Hunan and northern Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan. Cultivated mainly in Sichuan. Shaanxi, Hubei, Hunan, Yunnan and other places.

分佈於東北、華北，遼寧南部、陝西、甘肅、山東、江蘇、安徽、浙江、江西、河南、湖北、湖南、廣東北部、廣西、四川、貴州、雲南。主要栽培於四川。陝西、湖北、湖南、雲南等地也有栽培。

Properties

(characteristics)﹕

性味﹕

acrid, bitter, hot, very toxic.

辛，苦，熱，大毒。

Channels (meridians) entered:

 

歸經﹕

heart, liver, spleen.

心，肝，脾。

Medical functions:

藥理﹕

 


1, anti-inflammatory effects: alkaloids of chuan wu can significantly inhibit the rat foot swelling caused by carrageenan, fresh egg soup, histamine and serotonin.

2, vasodilation, antihypertensive effect: chuan wu and aconitine can dilate blood vessels, and can cause temporary hypotensive effect.

3, chuan wu possesses analgesic, local anesthesic effect: aconitine alkaloids is its active ingredients, which affect the CNS.

4, cardiac effects and toxicity: chuan wu decoction on isolated frog heart possesses cardiac stimulating effects. But chuan wu is highly toxic, when poisoning caused by over dose of aconitine, the symptoms are: at first the heart rate increases, then the conduction of cardiac signals are obstructed and causes irregular heart beats, at last the heart stops in the diastolic stage. Symptoms of acute poisoning of aconitine in warm-blooded animals are behaving in excited breathing, salivation, motor paralysis, and in the final stages: spasm, vomiting-like opening mouth movement, called aconitine symptoms.

1、抗炎作用：川烏總鹼可顯著抑制大鼠角叉菜膠、鮮蛋湯、組織胺以及5-羥色胺引起的足腫脹。

2、擴血管、降壓作用：川烏和烏頭鹼均可擴張血管，起一過性降壓作用。

3、川烏有鎮痛、局麻作用：烏頭鹼系生物鹼是其有效成分，上述作用均是中樞性的。

4、強心作用與毒性：川烏水煎劑對離體蛙心有強心作用。但川烏具有很強的毒性，烏頭鹼過量造成中毒時，首先使心搏增強，繼而引起傳導阻滯而心率不齊，最後心臟停止於舒張期。烏頭鹼類引起恆溫動物急性中毒的表現位呼吸興奮、流涎、運動麻痹、末期痙攣、嘔吐樣開口運動，稱為烏頭鹼症状。

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

rid of pain and dampnes; warming the meridians. For treatment of wind cold damp pain of muscles and joints, headaches, strokes with paralysis, pain and cold in abdomen, cold type of hernia pain, impact injuries, swelling with bruises, yin ju swelling, for use as anesthesia to arrest pain.

祛風除濕；溫經散寒；消腫止痛；。主風寒濕痺；關節疼痛；頭風頭痛；中風不遂；心腹冷痛；寒疝作痛；跌打損傷；瘀血腫痛；陰疽腫毒；麻醉止痛

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

總生物鹼含量2.3％，酯1.0％，烏頭鹼0.3％。主要含烏頭鹼（aconitine）、中烏頭鹼（mesaconitine）、塔技烏頭胺（talatisamine）、傑斯烏頭胺（jasaconitine）、苯甲醯烏頭胺（benzoylaconine）、苯甲醯中烏頭胺（benzoylmesaconine）和苯甲醯下烏頭胺（benzoylhypaconine）等。這類成分的分子結構中，因8位羥基的乙醯化和14位的羥基芳醯化，因而呈現強烈的毒性，是烏頭中的主要毒性成分。

 

Daly Dosage:

每日用量﹕

Oral: for decoction 3-6 g. It also can be made into powder or mix into pills.

External application: make into powder apply or grind with vinegar or rice wine.

內服：煎湯，3-6g；或入丸、散。外用：適量，研末調敷；或醋、酒磨涂。

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例﹕

 

Modern Research:

現代研究﹕

 

Toxicity & Cautions:

毒素與禁忌﹕

Not to be used in case of yinxu with fire and during pregnancy.

The raw herb is very toxic. Use with care in oral consumption. It is not suitable to use with bei mu, ban xia,  bai ji, bai lian, tian hua fen, or gua lou.

Symptoms of acute poisoning of aconitine in warm-blooded animals are behaving in excited breathing, salivation, motor paralysis, and in the final stages: spasm, vomiting-like opening mouth movement, called aconitine symptoms.

陰虚火旺、各種熱証患者及孕婦禁服。

生品有大毒，內服宜慎。不宜與貝母、半夏、白 及、白蘞、天花粉、瓜蔞同用。

烏頭鹼類引起恆溫動物急性中毒的表現位呼吸興奮、流涎、運動麻痹、末期痙攣、嘔吐樣開口運動，稱為烏頭鹼症状。

Note: Yin ju refers to lymph node tuberculosis gangrene, thromboangiitis obliterans, arteriosclerosis obliterans, diabetic gangrene.

 

註：陰疽泛指 淋巴結結核，血栓閉塞性脈管炎，動脈硬化閉塞症，糖尿病壞疽。

 

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