Pharmaceutical name:

Flos Chrysanthemi Morifolii

Biological name:

學名﹕

Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.

Pron. in Japanese:

kikuka

Pron. in Korean:

kukhwa

Pron. in Cantonese:

kuk fa

Other Names:

別名﹕

干菊花 gan ju hua, 黃菊花 huang ju hua, 杭菊花 hang ju hua, 白菊花 bai ju hua。

Common Name:

常用英文名﹕

chrysanthemum flower

Distribution:

產地﹕

Zhejiang, Anhui, Henan, Sichuan, Hebei, Shandong provinces of China.

1. Huai ju hua is produced in Huai Qing Fu area of Henan province.

2. Hao ju hua and chu ju hua is produced in Anhui province.

3. Hang ju hua is produced in Zhejiang province.

4. Chuan ju hua is produced in Sichuan province.

5. Ji ju hua is produce in Shandong province.

浙江，安徽，河南，四川，河北，山東。

懷菊產於河南焦作（懷慶府）一帶。亳菊、滁菊 産於安徽的。杭菊產於浙江。川菊產於四川。濟菊產於山東。

Properties (characteristics):性 味:

sweet, bitter, slightly cold.

味甘苦，性微寒 。

Channels (meridians) entered:

 歸經﹕

liver, lungs.

歸肝、肺經 。

Actions & Indications:

主治﹕

For liver and kidney deficiency resulting in dizziness, blurry vision, pain and weakness in lower back and knees, tears induced by wind blowing, eyes are irritable in sunlight, chronic glaucoma, neurasthenia, ringing in the ears, hard in hearing, weak eye sight.

治肝腎不足，虛火上炎所致的目眩頭暈，視物不清，眼睛澀 痛，腰膝酸軟，迎風流淚等證。

目赤腫痛、久視昏暗、迎風流淚、怕日羞明、中心性視神經炎、慢性青光眼、神經衰弱、球後視神經炎、耳鳴耳聾、 視力障礙等。

Medical function:

藥理作用﹕

1. Effect on cardio-vascular system: it has obvious effect on dilating the coronary arteries by directly relaxing their smooth muscles.

2. Anti-inflammatory effect

3. Antibiotic effect: in vitro experiment, ju hua possesses therapeutic effect on infections caused by staphylococcus aureaus, beta hemolytic streptococci, escherichia coli, and Shigella spp. There are studies [1] that discovered it is the evaporating oil of ju hua that possess the antibiotic effect. Camphor and borneol are the main ingredients.

4. Antipyretic effect: stomach infusion of ju hua extra to rabbits that were induced fever artificially showed it has antipyretic effect. The result can be the inhibiting effect on the CNS.

5. Ye ju hua (wild ju hua) is better than ju hua in lowering cholesterol, lowering blood pressure and inhibit infection.

1. 對心血管系統的影響: 有明顯的擴張冠狀動脈的作用，是直接鬆弛冠狀動脈的平滑肌所致。

2. 抗 炎。

3. 抗病原微生 物的作用: 體外試驗，對金黃色葡萄球菌、乙型溶血性鏈球菌、大腸桿菌、痢疾桿菌有 療效。抑菌作用現有研究認為［1］ 揮發油是菊花抗菌作用的物質基礎，其中的樟腦、龍腦則是其發揮抗菌作用的主要成分。

4. 解熱作用: 菊花浸膏灌胃，對人工發熱的家兔有解熱的作用，其作用是對中樞神經系統 的抑制有關。

5. 野菊花對於降低膽固醇、降血壓、抑制感染三方面療效優於菊花。

Samples of formulae:

處方舉例﹕

Name of formula: qi ju di huang wan

Application: swollen red eyes, sensitive to blowing of wind and light.

Composition: shu di huang, shan zhu yu, huai shan yao, fu ling  , mu dan pi, ze xie  , gou qi z, ju hua.

Boil all herb with water except ju hua which is to be added to the hot liquid when ready. It can also made into pill form.

藥方名：杞菊地黃丸  《小兒藥證直訣》

【主治】    主治：目赤腫痛，迎風流淚，羞明症。

【組成】    組成：熟 地 黃 、山 茱 萸、 淮 山 、茯 苓、 牡 丹皮 、澤 瀉、枸 杞 子、 甘菊花 。

modern research:

現代研究：

High ration of Zn/Cu is prone to coronary heart diseases. The Huai ju hua of Henan has a lower Zn/Cu ratio which may be beneficial in preventing coronary heart diseases.

河南懷菊花中Zn/Cu比值较低，可能對防止冠心病有利。高比值較易患冠心病。

Chemical ingredients:

化學成份﹕

化學成份﹕Chemical ingredients:

• 腺嘌呤 (adenine)

• 膽鹼  (choline)

• 水蘇鹼  (stachydrine)

• 菊红甙  (chrysanthemin,

• 維 生素  (B1 vitamin B1)

• 芹菜素  (apigenin)  

• 刺槐素  (acacetin)

• 黃連甙 I  (coptiside I)

• 菊花萜二醇  (chrysandiol)

• (chrysantemin A and B)

• 氯菊素  (chlorochrymorin)

• 龍腦, (camphor)

• 樟腦 (borneol)

The following is from:

Study and report of: ZHANG Jian,  QIAN Da-wei, LI You-bin, YIN Zhi-qi　

基金項目：江蘇省自然科學基金項目(BK2001219);江蘇省公益項目(BM2004525)
作者簡介：張健,通訊作者86-25-85639644;E-mail:zjwonderful@hotmail.com
作者單位：張健（江蘇省中醫藥研究院,南京,210028）　
　　　　　錢大瑋（江蘇省中醫藥研究院,南京,210028）　
　　　　　李友賓（江蘇省中醫藥研究院,南京,210028）　
　　　　　殷志琦（中國藥科大學天然藥物化學教研室,南京,210009）　

• 1. 香葉 木素(chrysoeriol),

• 2. 木犀 草素(luteolin),

• 3. 芹菜 素 (apigenin),

• 4. 香葉 木素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(chrysoeriol 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,4),

• 5. 木犀 草素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(luteolin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,5),

• 6. 金合 歡素7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,6),

• 7. 刺槐 苷(acacetin 7-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(6→1)-α-L-rhamnopy-ranoside,7),

• 8. 金合 歡素7-O-(6\"-O-乙酰)-β -D-葡萄糖苷(acacetin 7-O-(6\"-O-acetyl)-β-D-glucopyranoside,8),

• 9. .金 合歡素(acacetin,9),

• 10. 山 奈(kaempferol, 10),

• 11. 異 澤蘭黃素(eupatilin,11),

• 12. 大 黃素(emodin,12),

• 13. 大 黃(chrysophanol,13)

• 14. 大 黃素甲醚 (physcion,14).

其中化合物8～14均 為首次從菊花中分離得到.

看 http://www.zhiti.cn/html/2008-12/242.htm

Dosage:

用量:

12 g ~ 18 g . Do not boil for long period because it contain essential oil which is an active ingredient.

12克～18克 。不可久煎以避免損失有效的揮發油。

Cautions:

禁忌:

Do not use in case of pixu (spleen deficient)/ weak digestion with loose stool.

脾虛便溏者忌服。